应用型本科旅游专业实践教学研究

实践教学是应用型人才培养中不可替代的重要环节。然而,应用本科专业实践教学中尚存在一些问题,如:观念落后、实践教学条件不足、实践教学师资缺乏、实践教学体系不完善、评价体系不健全等,重视实践教学、更新实践教学条件、推进"双师型"师资队伍建设、构建实践教学体系、创设有效的实践教学评价体系等是提高教学质量,培养具有较强专业实践能力和社会适应能力的高素质应用型旅游专门人才的重要途径。     

应用型金融专业人才培养模式探索

闽台高校"分段对接"联合培养应用型金融专业人才,采取"3+1"培养模式,引入三分之一的台湾金融专业课程并加以吸纳和整合,不仅有利于打造学生的金融专业理论功底和金融实务操作技能,而且有助于拓展学生的国际化视野,从而满足社会对应用型金融人才的需求。     

通过Ullmann反应合成3-吖啶酮酸

以2-溴-1,4-二甲苯和苯胺为起始原料,通过氧化、Ullmann反应、环化生成3-吖啶酮酸。重点考察了不同溶剂、催化剂、反应时间对Ullmann反应收率的影响,确定最佳反应条件如下:以丁醇作溶剂,溴化亚铜为催化剂,于120℃加热5h得到邻苯氨基对苯二甲酸,产率为70.5%。目标化合物及中间产物的结构经核磁和质谱分析得以确证。     

Corporate Tax Consolidation and Enhanced Cooperation in the European Union*

We assess the economic impact of introducing consolidation with formula apportionment in the European Union and consider alternative enhanced cooperation agreements. We find that the consolidation is likely to yield a small aggregate welfare gain in Europe. However, not all countries benefit. A coalition of winning countries reduces the welfare gain and may induce a process of adverse selection which destroys the possibility of cooperation. We find that a coalition of similar countries (in terms of the size of their multinational sector) is more feasible in achieving agreement and is actually preferred by those countries over a Europe‐wide reform.     

微胶囊技术及其在乳品行业的应用研究进展

微胶囊技术因具有保护活性、减少损失、改善物质稳定性等优良性能而被广泛使用.近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,乳制品行业不断朝功能性方向发展,其中很大程度得益于微胶囊技术的推广应用.本文综述了常见的营养功能原料益生菌、油脂、维生素、矿物质及食品添加剂等微胶囊技术及其在乳制品中的应用研究,并对未来发展提出了展望.     

Labour-saving technologies in smallholder agriculture: An economy-wide model with field operations

Labour-saving technologies are relevant for agricultural development. Yet, as this study shows, they are poorly integrated into agricultural production functions of economy-wide models. We report a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which explicitly incorporating field operations (e.g. land preparation, weeding or harvesting) in the context of smallholder agriculture. The field operations approach allows to model technological trade-offs in organic and conventional production systems at various stages of the agricultural production process. Simulating a structural change scenario, we compare the performance of the field operations approach with published benchmark production structures by assessing how they replicate empirically observed changes in land and agrochemical use. This benchmark analysis shows that incorporating field operations replicates the observed empirical changes most accurately and allows for more realistic modelling of labour-saving technologies. We use the field operations model to investigate three policy options to mitigate labour shortages in the agricultural sector of Bhutan. Permitting the employment of Indian workers in agriculture has the highest short-term potential in this respect. We find that subsidising agricultural machinery hiring services and removing import tariffs on agrochemical inputs are found to be less effective. Further options for model developments, such as combining field operations and labour market seasonality, are highlighted.     

奥贝胆酸有关物质的分析及合成

为了控制奥贝胆酸药品的质量,从奥贝胆酸原料药中分离并鉴定了3种有关物质:3α-羟基-6-乙基-7-酮-5β-胆烷-24-酸(A),3α,7α-二羟基-6-亚乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酸(B)和3α(3α,7α-二羟基-6α-乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酰基氧基)-7α-羟基-6α-乙基-5β-胆烷-24-酸(C)。分析了这些物质产生的原因并进行了设计合成,其结构经过核磁共振氢谱得以确认。研究表明,3个有关物质与奥贝胆酸粗品中的主要有关物质的相对保留时间完全一致,合成的有关物质与分离得到的有关物质的核磁共振氢谱图相符合,可以判定奥贝胆酸产品中的主要有关物质就是合成得到的有关物质A、有关物质B、有关物质C。解决了有关物质研究所需对照品的问题,提高了原料药的质量,为奥贝胆酸的质量研究和有关物质的控制提供了一定的帮助。     

The Determinants of China's Minimum Wage Rates

We use a highly disaggregated panel of macro data and minimum wages at the county level to investigate the processes behind minimum wage adjustments in China. Relying on random effects models, spatial econometrics techniques, and multilevel analyses, we document that a comparatively small number of economic variables – including the local price level and GDP per capita – are important determinants of minimum wage rates. Interactions between adjacent counties and counties of the same administrative type, and centralized mechanisms, particularly at the provincial level, also play an important role in explaining the variance in minimum wage rates across counties. Finally, we show that China's provinces are the key players for setting minimum wage rates and that, when they do so, they are not uniform in the way they weigh different economic variables.     

Does research performance explain the “leaky pipeline” in Indian academia? A study of agricultural and applied economics

This article documents the existence of a leaky pipeline based on complete enumeration of faculty in two large public academic networks: state agricultural universities and institutions of the Indian Council of Social Science Research. We then examine if there are gender differences in the quantity and quality of research publications of women relative to men that can explain this. As proxies for quality and visibility, we use several metrics, including the number of citations, h-index, i10 index, and Scimago rank of the journal in which the research is featured. A novel aspect of the analysis is the comparison of time paths of cumulative publications over career paths of men and women professors. Our analysis of research performance is based on scraping publicly-available data sources, including faculty and institutional websites, and google scholar pages, and represents one-third (and likely positively selected) of all faculty in these institutions. Our results suggest that women are disadvantaged in terms of number of publications during early career years, however, the disadvantage is mitigated with seniority and women perform equally well or even surpass men later in their careers. Women are more likely to write single-authored articles and have fewer collaborators than men, indicating that they do not access collaborative spaces as much, and are less networked than men. In spite of this, there is suggestive evidence that women are more quality conscious than men. This nuanced look at research productivity suggests the source of the leaky pipeline does not arise from differences in performance.     

猪殃殃药材质量控制方法研究

为了修订猪殃殃原有标准中关于性状方面的内容,有效反映和控制药材的内在质量,收集了10批猪殃殃药材,对其性状、专属性鉴别、检查项、指标成分含量进行了研究。采用薄层色谱进行定性鉴别,高效液相色谱法测定绿原酸的含量。研究发现:TLC斑点清晰,分离度好;10批样品中水分小于13.0%,总灰分小于16.0%,酸不溶性灰分小于3.5%,醇溶性浸出物小于7.0%,绿原酸质量分数小于0.1%。结果表明:所制定的猪殃殃药材质量控制方法,操作简便,重复性良好,可为猪殃殃药材的全面质量控制提供依据。